Roadside Geology of Florida
by Jonathan R. Bryan, Thomas M. Scott, and Guy H. Means
Roadside Geology of Florida
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|
| Preface |
ix
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| Acknowledgments |
xi
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| I. Introduction |
1
|
| The Foundations of Eden |
1
|
| Geologic Fieldwork |
6
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| Common Minerals, Rocks and Fossils |
8
|
| Sedimentary Rocks |
12
|
| The Process of Fossilization |
13
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| Structural and Geomorphic Regions |
17
|
| The Suwannee Channel |
20
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| II. Geological and Paleontological History |
22
|
| Florida's Plate Tectonic Context |
22
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| Going Back in Time ... Deep Time |
23
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|
Exotic Terrane--Late Precambrian and Paleozoic Time (1,000 to 251 Million Years Ago) |
25
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|
When the Gulf was Young--Triassic and Jurassic Time (251 to 145 Million Years Ago) |
28
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|
When Rudists Ruled the Earth--Cretaceous Time (145 to 65 Million Years Ago) |
31
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|
Sea World--Paleocene and Eocene Time (65 to 34 Million Years Ago) |
32
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|
Tropical Paradise--Oligocene Time (34 to 23 Million Years Ago) |
35
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|
Bush Gardens--Miocene and Pliocene Time (23 to 1.8 Million Years Ago) |
37
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|
No Frozen Mammoths--Pleistocene Time (1.8 Million to 10,000 Years Ago) |
39
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|
Coastal Property--Holocene Time (10,000 Years Ago to the Present) |
41
|
| The First Floridians--Geoarchaeology |
43
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| III. Sculpting a Land from the Sea |
46
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| Sea Level Change--Past and Present |
46
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| Coastal Strandlines and Terraces |
49
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| Coastal Environments |
50
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| Ocean Currents and Coastal Water Flow |
52
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| Anatomy of a Beach |
55
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| Origin of Barrier Islands |
57
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| Coastal Erosion |
58
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| Hurricanes |
58
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| Rivers |
60
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| Wetlands, Lakes and Soils |
61
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| Aquifer Systems |
62
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| Karstification--A Dissolving Landscape |
65
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| Fountains of Youth--Florida's Legendary Springs |
68
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| IV. Panhandle--The Other Florida |
73
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| US 29 and Florida 4 Pensacola--Century--Crestview |
75
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| US 90 and Interstate 10 Pensacola--Crestview--DeFuniak Springs |
76
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| Side Trip on Florida 85 |
78
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| Side Trip to the Highest Point in Florida |
80
|
| US 90 and Interstate 10 DeFuniak Springs--Marianna |
82
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| Side Trip to Falling Waters State Park |
85
|
| Mermaid's Pennies--Larger Foraminifera |
92
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| Pearly Nautilus in Florida |
95
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| Florida Caverns State Park and Speleothems |
97
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| US 90 and Interstate 10 Marianna--Chattahoochee--Tallahassee |
100
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| Side Trip to Torreya State Park |
103
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| Tallahassee |
105
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| US 20 Niceville--Tallahassee |
107
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| Side Trip on Florida 73 |
108
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| Side Trip on Florida 12 |
110
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| US 98 Pensacola--Panama City |
114
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| It Came from the Bog--Carnivorous Plants of the Panhandle |
115
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| Side Trip to Santa Rosa Island |
117
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| Dunes and Dune Lakes--A Side Trip on Florida 30A |
118
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| US 98 Panama City--Port St. Joe--St. Marks |
122
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| Side Trip to St. Joseph Peninsula |
124
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| Wakulla Springs State Park |
128
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| San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park |
131
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| V. Northern Peninsula--Upon the Suwannee River |
133
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| Us 90 and Interstate 10 Tallahassee--Lake City |
134
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| A Lonely Trilobite in Florida |
134
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| Withlacoochee and Alapaha Rivers |
135
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| The Upper Suwannee River |
137
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| Living Fossil Fish in Florida Waters |
144
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| US 90 and Interstate 10 Lake City--Jacksonville |
145
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| Silurian Sea Scorpions |
147
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| Us 27 Tallahassee--Perry--High Springs |
149
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| Fossil Echinoids |
152
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| Some Things Never Change--The Remarkable Bryozoan Nellia tenella |
154
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| Exposures and Springs on the Lower Suwannee, Santa Fe and Ichetucknee Rivers |
154
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| Thomas Farm |
160
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| Fossil Horses |
162
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| US 98/US 19 St. Marks--Inglis |
162
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| Paleoindians and Pleistocene Megafauna |
166
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| Fossil Elephants |
166
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| The Salt Marsh Environment |
171
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| Rainbow Springs State Park |
173
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| Interstate 75 and US 441 Lake City--Gainesville--Ocala |
174
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| Fossil Ground Sloths |
179
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| Fossil Rhinoceroses and Tapirs |
181
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| Florida 100 Lake City--Palatka |
187
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| Florida A1A (I-95 and US 1) Fernandina Beach--New Smyrna Beach |
189
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| Living and Fossil Sea Turtles |
197
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| VI. Central Peninsula--We Dig Phosphate |
199
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| US 98/US 19 Inglis--St. Petersburg--Bradenton |
204
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| Eocene Molluska--the Tethyan Connection |
206
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| Fossil Manatees and Dugongs |
209
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| Fossil Camels |
210
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| With Love, from South America |
219
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| Interstate 75 Ocala--Tampa--Bradenton |
222
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| Fossil Saber-Tooths |
226
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| Central Florida Phosphate District |
228
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| Where the Buffalo Roamed, and the Deer and the Antelope Played |
230
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| Fossil Whales |
231
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| US 441 Ocala--Orlando--Okeechobee |
233
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| US 27 Clermont--Venus |
237
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| Sugarloaf Mountain |
239
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| The "Mountains of Florida"--Dune Fields Past and Present |
242
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| Interstate 95, US 1 and Florida A1A New Smyrna Beach--Cape Canaveral--Fort Pierce |
244
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| Coastal Development--Florida's Beach Ridge Plains |
246
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| We Serve Anybody--Fossil Crabs of Florida |
248
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| VII. Southern Peninsula--A River of Grass Flows Over It |
251
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| Interstate 75 and US 41 Bradenton--Fort Myers--Naples |
254
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| Pliocene and Pleistocene Mollusks |
255
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| Fossil and Living Sharks and Rays |
258
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| Fossil Sea Stars of Florida--The Panamanian Connection |
263
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| The Estuarine Environment |
269
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| US 41 (Tamiami Trail) Naples--Miami |
272
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| Mangrove Swamps |
272
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| Sunniland Oil Field |
274
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| Big Cypress Swamp and the Everglades |
274
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| Alligators and Crocodiles |
279
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| Lake Okeechobee |
279
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| Florida A1A (I-95 and US 1) Fort Pierce--Miami |
282
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| VIII. Florida Keys--Pleistocene Republic |
291
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| The Florida Reef Tract |
293
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| US 1 (Overseas Highway) Biscayne Bay and Upper Keys (Key Largo to Bahia Honda Key |
298
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| Holocene History of the Florida Reef Tract |
300
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| Pleistocene History of the Key Largo Limestone |
306
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| Florida Land Developer--The Coral Animal |
309
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| Other Limestone Producers of the Florida Reef Tract |
311
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| Where's the Reef? Reefs of Florida--Past and Present |
313
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| US 1 (Overseas Highway) Lower Keys (Big Pine Key to Key West) |
316
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| Marquesas Keys and Dry Tortugas |
317
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| Glossary |
323
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| Appendices |
339
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| References and Suggested Reading |
347
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| Index |
355
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| About the Authors |
376
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