Roadside Geology of Georgia
by Pamela J.W. Gore and William Witherspoon
Roadside Geology of Georgia
|
|
| Acknowledgments |
x
|
| Introduction |
1
|
| Geology Determines Landscape |
2
|
| Plate Tectonics |
3
|
| Georgia's Five Landscape Provinces |
6
|
| Sedimentation |
10
|
| Geologic Timescale |
12
|
| A Word about Collecting |
14
|
| Sea Islands |
15
|
| Longshore Drift and Tides |
15
|
| Beaches |
17
|
| Marshes |
20
|
| Ancient and Modern Shorelines |
21
|
| Road Guides of the Sea Islands |
21
|
| US 80: Savannah - Tybee Island |
21
|
| North Beach Area |
25
|
| South Beach Area |
25
|
| Wassaw Island and Sapelo Island |
27
|
| Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary |
31
|
| St. Simons Island and Its Neighbors |
31
|
| Jekyll Island |
37
|
| Cumberland Island National Seashore |
42
|
| Coastal Plain |
47
|
| Sedimentary Formations |
47
|
| Physiographic Districts |
52
|
| Fall Line Hills |
52
|
| Fort Valley Plateau |
53
|
| Vidalia Upland |
54
|
| Tifton Upland and Valdosta Limesink districts |
55
|
| Dougherty Plain |
55
|
| Bacon Terraces |
56
|
| Barrier Island Sequence District |
57
|
| Okefenokee Basin |
57
|
| Landforms |
60
|
| Pleistocene Sand Duna Fields |
60
|
| The Mysterious Carolina Bays |
60
|
| Fall Line HillsOrangeburg Escarpment |
62
|
| Fall Line HillsPelham Escarpment |
62
|
| It Came from Outer Space |
63
|
| Fossils |
64
|
| Sharks and Other Fish |
66
|
| Marine Reptiles |
66
|
| Dinosaurs and other Reptiles |
67
|
| Pleistocene-Age Vertebrates |
68
|
| Kaolin Deposits |
69
|
| Heavy Mineral Sand |
73
|
| Road Guides of the Coastal Plain |
74
|
| US 27: Columbus - Florida State Line |
74
|
| Providence Canyon State Outdoor Recreation Area |
76
|
| Lumpkin to Florida State Line |
78
|
| I-75: Macon - Florida State Line |
80
|
| Georgia 49: Byron - Americus |
84
|
| Andersonville and Bauxite |
86
|
| Georgia24: Milledgeville - Waynesboro |
89
|
| Kaolin Mines |
89
|
| Kaolin Processing Facility |
91
|
| Tennille Lime Sinks |
91
|
| Hidden Basins |
92
|
| Sandersville to Waynesboro |
94
|
| Shell Bluff |
96
|
| I-16: Macon - Savannah |
96
|
| US 341: Fall Line - Brunswick |
100
|
| Oaky Woods Wildlife Management Area |
103
|
| Perry to McRae |
103
|
| Little Ocmulgee State Park |
105
|
| McRae to Hazlehurst |
105
|
| Broxton Rocks Preserve |
106
|
| Hazlehurst to Jesup |
107
|
| Griffin Ridge Wildlife Management Area |
108
|
| Jesup to Brunswick |
108
|
| US 1: South Carolina State Line - Florida Sate Line |
108
|
| Ohoopee Dunes Natural area |
110
|
| Swainsboro to Waycross |
110
|
| Okefenokee Swamp Park |
111
|
| Trail Ridge |
112
|
| US 82: Alabama State Line - Brunswick |
113
|
| Albany and the Flint River |
113
|
| Radium Springs |
115
|
| Albany to Brunswick |
116
|
| I-95: South Carolina State Line - Florida State Line |
117
|
| Valley and Ridge and Appalachian Plateau |
121
|
| The Landscape in Relation to Anticlines and Synclines |
122
|
| Sedimentary Rocks and Ancient Geography |
126
|
| Fossils |
128
|
| Fossils of Cambrian Age |
128
|
| Fossils of Ordovician Age |
128
|
| Fossils of Mississippian Age |
130
|
| Fossils of Pennsylvanian Age |
130
|
| Road Guides of the Valle and Ridge and Appalachian Plateau |
133
|
| I-24 and I-59: Tennessee State Line - Alabama State Line |
133
|
| I-75: Tennessee State Line p Cartersville (US 411) |
137
|
| Ringgold Gap |
137
|
| Tunnel Hill to Daltonp |
141
|
| Rocky Face Mountain at Dug Gap |
142
|
| Resaca to Cartersville |
143
|
| Cartersville Mining District |
145
|
| Ladds Quarry and Etowah Mounds |
148
|
| GA 136: Alabama State Line - Carters Dam |
149
|
| Cloudland Canyon State Park |
150
|
| Lookout Mountain to Carters Dam |
153
|
| GA 157: Tennessee State Line - Cloudland |
159
|
| Rock city Gardens |
159
|
| Along Lookout Mountain |
161
|
| US 27: Tennessee State Line - Cedartown |
164
|
| Chickamauga Battlefield |
166
|
| Chickamauga to Gore |
168
|
| Chattanooga Shale |
168
|
| Gore to Cedartown |
170
|
| Cave Spring |
171
|
| State Quarry near Cedartown |
172
|
| Blue Ridge - Piedmont |
175
|
| Prematamorphic Character of the Blue Ridge - Piedmont Rocks |
175
|
| Metamorphism |
176
|
| Igneous Intrusions |
179
|
| Weathering |
179
|
| The Patchwork of Terranes Assembled in Paleozoic Time |
181
|
| Earthquakes Due to Human Activity |
185
|
| Pull-Apart Activity during the Mesozoic Era |
188
|
| The Dahlonega Gold Belt: A Terrane Discovered by Prospectors |
190
|
| Road Guides of the Blue Ridge - Piedmont |
191
|
| I-20: Alabama State Line - Austell |
191
|
| Pine Mountain Gold Museum |
193
|
| Villa Rica to Lithia Springs |
193
|
| I-75: Cartersville (US 411) - Kennesaw |
195
|
| Cooper's Furnace Day Use area and Allatoona Dam |
197
|
| Lake Allatoona and Red Top Mountain State Park |
199
|
| Allatoona Lake to Kennesaw |
200
|
| GA 5 (I-575 and GA 515 in part): Tennessee State Line - Kennesaw |
201
|
| Blue Ridge to Jasper |
203
|
| Marble Mining District |
204
|
| Ball Ground to Kennesaw |
208
|
| GA 52: Chatsworth - Lula |
209
|
| Fort Mountain State Park |
212
|
| Fort Mountain to Amicalola Falls |
213
|
| Amicalola Falls State Park |
214
|
| Amicalola Falls to Lula |
216
|
| US 19: North Carolina State Line - Cumming |
217
|
| Brasstown Bald |
217
|
| Blairsville to Dahlonega |
219
|
| Dahlonega |
220
|
| Dahlonega to Cumming |
221
|
| GA 17 (GA 385 and Alt GA 17 in part): Hiawassee - Toccoa |
223
|
| Smithgall Woods State Park |
223
|
| Unicoi State Park and Anna Ruby Falls |
223
|
| Helen to Toccoa |
225
|
| US 23/US 441 (becoming I-985/US 23): North Carolina State Line - Lake Lanier |
227
|
| Black rock Mountain State Park |
229
|
| Clayton to Tallulah Falls |
229
|
| Tallulah Gorge State Park |
231
|
| Tallulah Falls to I-85 |
233
|
| Lake Lanier and Buford Dam |
233
|
| I-85: South Carolina State Line - I-985 (Near Atlanta) |
235
|
| Hurricane Shoals Park |
235
|
| Nodoroc |
235
|
| Earthquakes at Dacula |
236
|
| US 78: Snellville - Thomson |
236
|
| Athens |
236
|
| Athens to Washington |
238
|
| Graves Mountain |
238
|
| Lincolnton Metadacite |
239
|
| Washington to Thomson |
240
|
| GA 72: Athens - South Carolina State Line |
241
|
| Watson Mill Bridge State Park |
241
|
| Elberton |
243
|
| Georgia Guidestones |
245
|
| Elberton to the South Carolina State Line |
246
|
| I-185: LaGrange - Columbus |
247
|
| GA 85: Atlanta - Columbus |
249
|
| The cove |
249
|
| Warm Springs and Little White House Historic Site |
253
|
| F. D. Roosevelt State Park |
256
|
| Sprewell Bluff State Outdoor Recreation Area |
257
|
| Manchester to Columbus |
259
|
| Flat Rock Park |
260
|
| The Fall Line and Rocky Shoals at Columbus |
260
|
| I-75: Atlanta - Macon |
262
|
| Indian Springs State Park |
264
|
| Barnesville and Thomaston Area |
264
|
| High Falls State Parak |
264
|
| Forsyth to Macon |
267
|
| I-20: Atlanta - Augusta |
267
|
| Appling Granite at Heggies Rock |
272
|
| Augusta |
274
|
| US 441/GA 24: Madison - Milledgeville |
276
|
| Rock Eagle |
276
|
| Milledgeville |
277
|
| Around Atlanta |
278
|
| Parks of Geologic Interest |
281
|
| Stone Mountain Park |
281
|
| Panola Mountain State Park |
286
|
| Davidson-Arabia Nature Preserve |
286
|
| Boat Rock Preserve |
289
|
| Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park |
290
|
| Sweetwater Creek State Park |
290
|
| Quarries and Road Cuts |
291
|
| Gneiss and Schist |
292
|
| Quartzite |
295
|
| Amphibolite |
295
|
| Soapstone Ridge |
296
|
| Mylonite |
297
|
| Appendix: Museums and Exhibits |
299
|
| Glossary |
305
|
| References |
319
|
| Index |
329
|
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