Roadside Geology of Montana
by Donald W. Hyndman and Robert C. Thomas
Roadside Geology of Montana
|
|
| Geologic Map of Montana |
viii
|
| General Stratigraphic Column |
x
|
| Preface |
xi
|
| Geologic Time Scale and Important Events |
xiv
|
| 1. Montana: The First Four Billion Years |
1
|
| Archean Time: 4,600 to 2,500 Million Years Ago |
5
|
| Proterozoic Time: 2,500 to 541 Million Years Ago |
6
|
| Paleozoic Time: 541 to 252 Million Years Ago |
7
|
| Mesozoic Time: 252 to 66 Million Years Ago |
9
|
| Sevier Thin-Skin Deformation |
11
|
| Laramide Thick-Skin Deformation |
13
|
| Cretaceous Intrusions |
14
|
| Cenozoic Time: 66 Million Years Ago to Present |
15
|
| Pleistocene Glaciers and Landscapes |
19
|
| Anthropocene |
24
|
| 2. Northwest Montana: Glaciated Valleys in Faulted Belt Rock |
25
|
| Initial Rise of the Rockies |
31
|
| Lewis and Clark Fault Zone |
32
|
| Cenozoic Extensional Basins |
34
|
| Glacial Lake Missoula and Its Floods |
35
|
| Road Guides in Northwest Montana | |
| Glacier National Park |
38
|
| Going-to-the-Sun Road: St. Mary - West Glacier |
38
|
| MT 49 and US 89: East Glacier Park - Alberta Border |
46
|
| Two Medicine Road |
49
|
| Many Glacier Road |
51
|
| Chief Mountain |
52
|
| US 2: Kalispell - Browning |
53
|
| I-90: Missoula - Lookout Pass |
59
|
| US 2: Kalispell - Idaho Border |
66
|
| US 12: Lolo - Lolo Pass (Idaho Border) |
73
|
| US 93: Missoula - Polson - Kalispell |
76
|
| MT 35 (East Shore of Flathead Lake) |
83
|
| Giant Ripples of Camas Prairie |
86
|
| US 93: Kalispell - Eureka - British Columbia Border |
87
|
| MT 83: Clearwater Junction - Bigfork |
92
|
| MT 200: Ravalli - Thompson Falls - Idaho Border |
95
|
| MT 200: Missoula - Rogers Pass - Bowmans Corners (US 287 Junction) |
100
|
| 3. Southwest Montana - Isolated Ranges, Spacious Valleys |
106
|
| Boulder Batholith |
108
|
| Eocene Volcanism |
111
|
| Cenozoic Extensional Basins |
112
|
| Yellowstone Hot Spot |
114
|
| Road Guides in Southwest Montana | |
| Butte: The Richest Hill on Earth |
119
|
| I-15: Butte - Helena |
125
|
| I-15: Butte - Dillon |
129
|
| Great Unconformity at Camp Creek |
133
|
| Hogback Ridge and Block Mountain |
137
|
| I-15: Dillon - Monida Pass |
138
|
| Big Sheep Creek Canyon |
145
|
| Centennial Valley |
147
|
| I-90: Billings - Bozeman |
150
|
| Stillwater Mine |
152
|
| Natural Bridge and Falls |
155
|
| I-90: Bozeman - Butte |
160
|
| Lewis and Clark Caverns and the Jefferson Canyon Fault |
163
|
| I-90: Butte - Missoula |
169
|
| US 12: Helena - Garrison |
176
|
| US 12: Helena - White Sulphur Springs |
181
|
| Lombard Thrust Fault |
187
|
| US 89: Livingston - Gardiner |
188
|
| US 93: Missoula - Lost Trail Pass |
194
|
| Skalkaho Mountain |
199
|
| US 191: Bozeman - West Yellowstone |
200
|
| US 212: Laurel - Wyoming Border on the Beartooth Plateau |
205
|
| Red Dome and the Pryor Mountains |
207
|
| US 287: Three Forks - West Yellowstone |
212
|
| MT 1 (Anaconda-Pintler Scenic Highway): Drummond - Anaconda |
221
|
| MT 55 and MT 41: Whitehall - Dillon |
227
|
| MT 43: Divide - Lost Trail Pass |
231
|
| US 278: Dillon - Wisdom |
239
|
| Pioneer Mountains Scenic Byway |
244
|
| MT 287: Twin Bridges - Ennis |
247
|
| 4. Central and Eastern Montana - Vast Horizons with Buttes and Badlands |
255
|
| Western Interior Seaway and Dinosaurs |
256
|
| Cenozoic Badlands and Clinker |
260
|
| Island Ranges of the Central Montana Alkalic Province |
262
|
| High Plains Surface |
265
|
| Coal and the Colstrip Power Plant |
266
|
| Oil and Gas |
269
|
| Glacial Lakes and the Missouri River during the Ice Age |
273
|
| Saline Seeps and Alkali Water |
275
|
| Slippery Roads on Gumbo Clay |
277
|
| Road Guides in Central and Eastern Montana | |
| Upper Missouri River Breaks: Coal Banks Landing - Judith Landing |
277
|
| I-15: Helena - Great Falls |
281
|
| I-15: Great Falls - Sweetgrass (Alberta Border) |
289
|
| I-90: Billings - Wyoming Border |
293
|
| Bighorn Canyon |
296
|
| I-94: Billings - Miles City |
299
|
| I-94: Miles City - Glendive - Wibaux |
304
|
| Makoshika Badlands |
307
|
| US 2: Browning - Havre |
309
|
| US 2: Havre - Malta |
314
|
| US 2: Malta - Wolf Point - North Dakota Border |
320
|
| Fort Peck Dam |
323
|
| US 12: Roundup - White Sulphur Springs |
326
|
| US 12: Roundup - Forsyth |
332
|
| US 87: Billings - Roundup - Lewistown |
336
|
| US 87: Great Falls - Lewistown |
341
|
| Square Butte and Arrow Creek |
345
|
| US 87: Great Falls - Havre |
349
|
| US 89: Livingston - White Sulphur Springs |
357
|
| US 89: Great Falls - White Sulphur Springs |
362
|
| Smith River Canyon |
368
|
| US 89: Great Falls - Browning |
369
|
| US 191: Big Timber - Lewistown |
374
|
| US 191: Lewistown - Malta |
379
|
| Mission Canyon |
384
|
| US 212: Crow Agency - Broadus - Alzada |
386
|
| US 287: Wolf Creek - Choteau |
391
|
| Sun River Canyon |
394
|
| MT 7: Wibaux - Ekalaka |
396
|
| Medicine Rocks State Park |
399
|
| MT 323 to Alzada |
401
|
| MT 200: Bowmans Corners (US 287 Junction) - Great Falls |
401
|
| MT 200: Fairview - Sidney - Jordan |
404
|
| MT 200: Jordan - US 87 at Grass Range |
409
|
| Hell Creek Fossil Area |
411
|
| Glossary |
415
|
| References |
427
|
| Index |
442
|
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